![]() First, the 1990s were largely marked by an emphasis on the promotion of cleaner and more efficient processes for manufacturing consumer goods and their intermediary inputs (Hertwich Citation2005). ![]() The issue of sustainable consumption has evolved on the international policy agenda since the Rio Conference through three loosely demarcated phases. More recently, given the close correspondence between consumption practices and greenhouse-gas emissions, the Paris Climate Agreement appropriately recognized, “sustainable patterns of consumption and production…play an important role in addressing climate change” (United Nations Citation2015 refer also to Alfredsson et al. Consistent with this characterization, the Nordic Council, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the European Commission, the Royal Society of London, and the United States National Academy of Sciences highlighted the challenges of designing more sustainable means of consumption and production. For instance, in 1998 the United Nations Development Program described the circumstances of the affluent nations as a “runaway consumption train” (UNDP Citation1998). For nearly 30 years, since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, sustainability proponents have sought in various ways to foster a “sustainable consumption transition.” For instance, Chapter Four of Agenda 21 forthrightly observes that “hile poverty results in certain kinds of environmental stress, the major cause of the continued deterioration of the global environment is the unsustainable pattern of consumption and production, particularly in industrialized countries, which is a matter of grave concern, aggravating poverty and imbalances” (United Nation Citation1992 see also Cohen Citation2001).ĭuring the following decades, numerous governments, multilateral organizations, scientific societies, and others developed carefully detailed plans outlining how to facilitate less resource intensive forms of consumption and to ensure prosperity without transgressing planetary boundaries (Royal Society of London and the United States National Academy of Sciences Citation1997 Nash Citation2009 Scholl et al.
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